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Homeagain Equine Frequently Asked Questions

Equine Frequently Asked Questions

  • How does the temperature measured via a HomeAgain® Thermochip® compare with rectal temperature readings in horses?

    HomeAgain Thermochip microchips are designed to monitor a horse’s individual range to assist in identifying variation in temperature from an individual’s baseline readings. Temperature readings from different sites should not be interpreted interchangeably with rectal temperature range. The best approach is to understand an individual’s reference range for a particular site.

    When implanted into horses, HomeAgain Thermochip provides accurate temperature readings, allowing temperature monitoring which is safe, quick and accurate. This method of temperature monitoring allows identification of an individual horse’s temperature range, based upon the time of day and site of measurement, so that variations outside of this range can be quickly identified15,16.

  • What is the precision of the temperature value collected in equines?

    A field study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the temperature-sensing identification microchip and look at comparisons versus rectal measurements.15

    The trial consisted of 40 foals, all implanted with HomeAgain Thermochip, housed outdoors over 2 winters. A total of 100,000 microchip temperature readings were taken, with simultaneous rectal temperatures taken from 26 of the foals, resulting in 79 measurements. Mean microchip temperature readings were 37.5oC +/- 0.1oC. Temperature variations were seen with time of day.

    The authors concluded the data collected from the temperature microchips was accurate, demonstrating natural changes throughout the day and seasons. Non-contact monitoring of temperature allowed frequent measurements with no stress from handling and less risk to a handler.

  • Can HomeAgain Thermochip be used to predict foaling?

    A study conducted with 39 mares over 2 foaling seasons recorded temperature every 2 hours from 5 days before the foaling due date until 6 hours after parturition. The mean daily temperature decreased by 0.3 oC twenty-four hours before foaling, alongside an absence of the normal 1 oC circadian daily variation in temperature on foaling days.17

    Foaling could be detected 12 hours in advance with a 96.6% sensitivity and 95% specificity.17 Therefore, microchip temperature monitoring can provide a non-contact and stress-free way to aid in predicting foaling.

  • What is HomeAgain Thermochip?

    HomeAgain Thermochip is a new generation of identification microchip, with an integrated temperature biosensor. This enables a horse’s temperature and identification number to be read simultaneously using a compatible reader.

    •  Thermochip enables the monitoring of an animal’s individual temperature at the implantation site between 33°C and 43°C.

    •  Thermochip is an ICAR(1)-certified identification microchip which is passive, inert, biocompatible and stores a unique 15-digit ISO identification microchip.

     

    Image of HomeAgain Thermochip

  • How does the HomeAgain Thermochip temperature biosensor work?

    HomeAgain Thermochip has a pair of transistors built into the chip integrated circuit. The transistors’ junction voltages are proportional to the temperature, and this is what allows the microchip to produce an output signal that is proportional to temperature. This signal is further converted to a digital value. The SureSense® reader and Global Pocket Reader® Plus read the HomeAgain Thermochip and convert the digital value to its corresponding temperature value.

    How HomeAgain Thermochip microchips and readers work together

    Image of How HomeAgain Thermochip microchips and readers work together

  • Does Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) affect the functionality of implanted temperature-detecting microchips such as HomeAgain Thermochip?

    Two recent studies showed that MRI with a 1.0-T magnet should not induce microchip failure. The first study concludes that the microchips tested do not pose any safety hazard to patients undergoing MR imaging with this 1T system. The second study concludes that site of imaging, mean MRI scan time, brand or frequency of microchip did not affect the functionality of the microchip.7,8

    These two recent clinical studies demonstrate that MRI does not interfere with the functionality of the implanted microchips (the microchip numbers have been successfully detected and read). Based on these results and the fact that the temperature-detecting feature and the microchip number are two inseparable data sets, contained in the same integrated circuit, we can conclude that MRI should not be a potential cause of temperature-detecting microchip failure.

  • Which reader can display HomeAgain Thermochip information?

    A HomeAgain Thermochip's microchip number can be read by all ISO microchip readers, just as for any other microchip. We recommend using the SureSense reader or the Global Pocket Reader Plus (GPR+) reader to read the temperature value of HomeAgain Thermochip.

    We can ensure the reliability of the temperature value transmitted by HomeAgain Thermochip with our readers SureSense and GPR+. We don’t know how other readers could interpret the signal sent by HomeAgain Thermochip and therefore we cannot ensure the reliability of the temperature data that other readers may be displaying.

  • Does HomeAgain Thermochip have a battery inside?

    No, HomeAgain Thermochip is a passive and inert identification microchip which stores a unique and locked 15-digit identification number. HomeAgain Thermochip is a certified and ISO compliant identification microchip. It has no battery and no other internal power source. The identification number and the horse’s temperature can be read scanning with an a compatible reader such as the SureSense Universal Microchip Reader or the Global Pocket Reader Plus (GPR+).

  • Regarding thermometer calibration how does a HomeAgain Thermochip compare to a classic digital thermometer?

    Classic digital thermometers use an external probe which encapsulates the electronic heat sensors to capture body temperature measurements directly. It is necessary to calibrate a classic digital thermometer as the accuracy can drift over time for various reasons such as mechanical shock.

    HomeAgain Thermochip uses a different temperature measurement technology as the temperature biosensor is fully integrated in the microprocessor of the bioglass-encapsulated microchip, thus protecting the device from mechanical shock.

  • Is there an influence of external temperature on HomeAgain Thermochip temperature?

    HomeAgain Thermochip displays the animal’s temperature at the implantation site. In pet animals, HomeAgain Thermochip is placed subcutaneously. Any factor that can influence subcutaneous temperature, will have an impact on the HomeAgain Thermochip temperature. Both freezing weather and a thermic blanket (in contact with the skin above the HomeAgain Thermochip) may have an impact on the HomeAgain Thermochip temperature value. This is another reason why it is recommended to study temperature variations with HomeAgain Thermochip, and not the value itself.

    For horses, the implantation of HomeAgain Thermochip is deeper leading to a lower impact of the external temperature on the HomeAgain Thermochip temperature.

  • What is the reading distance of HomeAgain Thermochip?

    HomeAgain Thermochip is primarily an identification microchip for companion animals compliant with the ISO 11785 standard using the FDX B reading technology. As a passive radio-frequency identification tag operating at the low frequency of 134.2 kHz, readers will work at close proximity, with a read range of up to 10 cm on average.

    An increased read range can be observed (up to 20 cm) but would only rely on the position of the microchip in the animal AND on the performance/quality of the reader used.

  • What prevents the microchip from migrating?

    All HomeAgain microchips are coated in parylene, a transparent, inert, biocompatible substance, applied to the surface of the bioglass-encapsulated identification microchip at the end stage of the manufacturing process. Parylene exerts cell adhesion properties with surrounding tissues, favouring tissue adhesion10.

To report an adverse reaction or product-related problem with HomeAgain microchips please fill in an adverse event form or alternatively call MSD Animal Health on 01908 685685.

For any further questions please contact us at homeagainuk@msd.com and a member of our team will respond to you as soon as possible.


References

 

1. Body heat: Older is colder. Harvard Health Letter Vol 31. Number 6. April 2006, p6.

2. Gomolin IH, Aung MM, Wolf-Klein G, Auerbach C (2005). Older is colder: temperature range and variation in older people. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005 Dec; 53 (12):2170-2.

3. Refinett R. et al. (2003). Daily rhythmicity of body temperature in the dog. J Vet Med Sci. 65(8):935-7.

4. Piccione G. et al. (2010). The daily rhythm of body temperature, heart and respiratory rate in newborn dogs. J Comp Physiol.  180(6):895-904.

5. Sousa, M. 2016. Measuring body temperature: how do different sites compare. Vet Rec 178:190-1.

6. Konietschke, et al. (2014). Comparison of auricular and rectal temperature measurement in normothermic, hypothermic, and hyperthermic dogs,Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere. 42(1):13-9.

7. Martin A. Baker, Iain MacDonald (2011). Evaluation of magnetic resonance safety of veterinary radiofrequency identification devices at 1T. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, vol. 52, No.2, pp 161-167.

8. Katherine A. Haifley, Silke Hecht (2012). Functionality of implanted microchips following magnetic resonance imaging. JAVMA Vol 240, No5, March 1,.

9. Independent lab study demonstrating HomeAgain Thermochip is a reliable monitor of temperature, compared to 4 digital thermometers (data on file).

10. Chang Tracy Y. et al. (2007). Cell and Protein Compatibility of Parylene-C surfaces. Langmuir  23, 11718-11725.

11. Wolgemuth Lonny. Parylenes : Advanced Polymers for Medical Devices, As presented at the Medical Plastics 2006 Conference in Copenhagen, Denmark November 29, 2006.

12. Jansen J-A. et al. (1999). Biological and migrational characteristics of transponders implanted into beagle dogs. The Veterinary Record.  145, p329-333.

13. Lawrence, C (2010). Microchipping Update: Overview and update of microchip identification. BSAVA CompanionVol 2010, Issue 3, Mar 2010, p. 4 – 7.

14. VMD Microchip Adverse Event Reporting Scheme Apr14-Dec15 Review. Microchip adverse event reporting scheme 2015 review - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)

15. Auclair-Ronzaud, J. et al. (2020). No-contact microchip monitoring of body temperature in yearling horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 86,p. 102892

16. Kang, H. et al. (2020). The use of percutaneous thermal sensing microchips for body temperature measurements in horses prior to, during and after treadmill exercise. Animals, 10(12), p.2274.

17. Auclair-Ronzaud, J. et al. (2020). No-contact microchip measurements of body temperature and behavioural changes prior to foaling. Theriogenology, 157, pp.399-406.

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