Bravoxin^® Questions and Answers

For the active immunisation of sheep and cattle against disease associated with infections caused by Clostridium perfringens type A, C. perfringens type B, C. perfringens type C, C. perfringens type D, Clostridium chauvoei, Clostridium novyi type B, Clostridium septicum, Clostridium sordellii and Clostridium haemolyticum and against tetanus caused by Clostridium tetani. 

For the passive immunisation of lambs and calves against infections caused by the above mentioned clostridial species (except C. haemolyticum in sheep).

Two weeks after the basic vaccination course (as demonstrated by serology only).

An anamnestic humoral immune response (immunological memory) to all components was demonstrated 1 year following the primary course of vaccination.

As demonstrated by serology only:

Sheep:
1 year against C. perfringens types A, B, C and D; C. novyi type B; C. sordellii and C. tetani.
< 6 months against C. septicum; C. haemolyticum and C. chauvoei.

Cattle:
1 year against C. tetani and C. perfringens type D.
< 1 year against C. perfringens types A, B and C.
< 6 months against C. novyi type B; C. septicum; C. sordellii; C. haemolyticum and C. chauvoei.

Duration of passive immunity
As demonstrated by serology only is:

For lambs:

At least 2 weeks for C. septicum and C. chauvoei.
At least 8 weeks for C. perfringens type B and C. perfringens type C, and at least 12 weeks for C. perfringens type A; C. perfringens type D; C. novyi type B; C. tetani and C. sordellii.
No passive immunity was observed for C. haemolyticum.

For calves:

At least 2 weeks for C. sordellii and C. haemolyticum.
At least 8 weeks for C. septicum and C. chauvoei and at least 12 weeks for C. perfringens type A; C. perfringens type B; C. perfringens type C; C. perfringens type D; C. novyi type B and C. tetani.

The withdrawal period following the use of Bravoxin is zero days.

Swelling at the injection site was observed very commonly in clinical studies. This may reach up to a mean value of 6 cm in sheep and 15 cm diameter in cattle; sometimes reactions of up to 25 cm diameter may be seen in cattle.

Most local reactions resolve within 3-6 weeks in sheep and in less than 10 weeks in cattle. In a minority of animals they may persist longer.

An abscess may develop commonly.

Skin discolouration at the injection site (which returns to normal as the local reaction resolves) may occur commonly.

Mild hyperthermia may occur commonly.

Localised pain at the injection site for 1-2 days post first vaccination may occur uncommonly.

Anaphylactic reactions were observed in very rare cases in spontaneous pharmacovigilance reports. In such cases appropriate treatment such as adrenaline should be administered without delay.

To provide passive protection of the offspring, via the colostrum, a single booster dose should be administered between 8 and 2 weeks before parturition, if animals have received a full primary vaccination course before pregnancy.

Store and transport refrigerated (2 °C - 8 °C). Do not freeze and protect from light.

The shelf life of Bravoxin once broached is 8 hours.